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Are you taking advantage of headline formulas used by pro copywriters?

March 19th, 2012

by Steve Kellas

There is a mountain of content online and in books by copywriters on how to use the many formulas or techniques for writing headlines that convert. These formulas and techniques are based on countless samples, A/B tests, and cover direct mail, newspapers, magazines and many other so-called ‘old school’ media. Many of the techniques are over 80 years old.

Yet, copywriters today try to be too clever and waste time trying to discover what makes a good headline because they seem to think that old equates with ‘doesn’t work’ in the age of Twitter and blogs.

They are wrong.

Here’s why.

Readers love tips and knowing ‘how to’

Human nature hasn’t changed just because we are using computers and mobiles. We crave new information. We like feeling that we have the necessary ‘know how’.

Take a quick glance at your favourite blog’s list of ‘popular posts’ and you’ll notice a definite pattern:

X ways to _____
Top X tips for ______
How to _______ to get more _____

If you’re on Twitter or Facebook, you’ll see the same trend in the links that your contacts share with you:

4 ways to get more retweets
5 tips for a better _____
16 ways to use Facebook for networking

And so on.

Both the ‘how to’ and the ‘X blankety blanks’ are ‘how to’ style headlines, with the number specifying just how many tips the reader will get (and need to remember).

This technique works because people love gathering information and learning. Not too much, though. Just enough that they can satisfy their curiosity and get enough skill to tackle a pressing problem.

We all want to ‘succeed’ in the eyes of others

No one wants to make mistakes. This is a strong human desire that copywriters have always tapped into.

You’ve seen headlines that questions our abilities and sets our curiosity soaring. Often they appear in the form of a question:

Are you doing these ______ when you _______?
Are you NOT doing _________ when you ________?

This post itself makes use the of the technique in the headline ‘Are you taking advantage of headline techniques used by pro copywriters?’

The technique works because of our desire to succeed and our need for confirmation that what we’re doing is ‘the right way’ of doing things.

When you ask a reader if they are or are not doing something that appears ‘common knowledge’ their innate fear of appearing wrong takes over: “What if I am not doing those things?”

It works equally well as a statement:

Make sure you don’t do this when you ______
Do these X things to ____ him ____ in bed

Study the headline copywriting masters. The next time you’re in the supermarket checkout, grab a copy of the magazines on the rack and read through the headlines.

Notice anything?

Yep, they are using those two techniques I outlined above. There are many others to learn and master as a copywriter.

Study. Learn how the techniques work – and more importantly, learn why they work.

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Hyperlink tips from a web copywriter

March 12th, 2012

by Steve Kellas

The mysterious ‘force’ that moves prospects through your online sales funnel (i.e. your web content) is really no mystery at all. It is the sum total of their motivation and your ability as a web copywriter to craft your promises in a compelling way so that those prospects feel compelled to click the link.

Break that promise, and you’ll lose their permission to visit any more of your links – and content.

Sale, lost.

Promises, promises

Keeping your promises means making sure that what you write as a web copywriter matches the reader’s expectations.

What do I mean by this?

I mean that instead of focussing on the technology (“click here”) and using words that confuse the reader’s expectations, choose hyperlink words that indicate to the reader where the link goes and what they can expect to find ‘on the other side.’

The analogy I give my web copywriting students is the sign on a door in an office. You know what to do when you encounter a sign that reads “Office of the CEO”; you know to knock before entering and to turn the handle. You don’t need to be told.

It promises a very important person works behind the door. If you go in to find someone else, or the supply cupboard, you’re not going to be very impressed with the sign installer; you may even think a great joke has been played on you!

Stop writing “click here”

Just stop it already.

Please.

Let’s look at a real example of why I emplore you to drop those two words as a hyperlink.

A major call to action on a technology vendor’s website reads:

“Ready to talk to an agent? Call 01234 567 890 or click here.”

The boring focus on the technology (“click here”) aside, take a closer look at the promise. What is the writer promising here? When the reader clicks the link, the expectation is that you can “talk to a sales agent” because that is how the action is set up.

The reader actually ends up on a call-back form where they are then asked to enter personal information to arrange a time for the sales agent to call them back.

This link and landing page (call-back) probably do not perform well.

“Click here” is never a good hyperlink because it:

  • contains no keywords
  • gives no indication of what lies beyond the link
  • is focussed on how to use the computer instead of on what the benefit to the reader is!

A better way to set up a promise and keep it would be to tell the reader exactly what to expect:

“Ready to talk to an agent? Call 01234 567 890 or have us call you.”

Now the reader knows a little bit about what they can expect behind that hyperlink ‘door’ – they can expect a form that gathers their information so that the agent can call them back.

It’s a promise that the resulting page can keep.

Notice also that it doesn’t focus on the matter of fact: “fill in this form.”

The link highlights the outcome (benefit) to the reader and allows them to take action and to believe the writer when it comes to further links.

That’s trust.

Trust makes sales.

That’s what a web copywriter must achieve through words.

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When should a web copywriter get involved on the project?

March 7th, 2012

by Steve Kellas

You’ve decided you need a new website. You have found a great web design firm to handle the look and feel. They are a small shop and have a great little team working for them. They recommended you work with a web copywriter to get the written content completed.

Great!

Now, a word of advice?

Don’t wait until the design is finished and the site is being developed to pick up that phone or to send that email to a copywriter.

Very often we get calls that sound something like this:

“Help! We need 50 web pages written in the next couple of days. We tried to do it ourselves, but it is taking too long.”

How many pages need writing?

“Uh, all 50. Please help!”

Web copywriter to the rescue!

Stop.

How good do you think last-minute, ill-planned, hastily written web copy is going to be?

It doesn’t matter how good that web copywriter is, anything done at the last minute is not going to be as effective in turning your prospects into customers as well-planned and well-written copy.

When copy and design go together, it’s magic

Web copywriters and designers actually like working together. We like this because we can create infinitely better websites when the look and the voice are created together.

At the same time.

Yes. The same time. You need to have your web copywriter working alongside (physically, or not) as the design is being worked on.

Designers like perfection. That’s a good thing. But sometimes in their pursuit of perfection, they design away a truth about words: sometimes we need more of them.

Involving a web copywriter from the start means that someone will be there to say that actually, a longer title is necessary. Win-win. Your designer gets copy input early on the in the design process (saving later headaches when everyone realises that the blog has longer titles than perfect 38 character ones). This also means that she will be able to begin working on the other content items ahead of time: graphics, buttons, captions, and other visual content that almost always needs a writer’s input.

Web copywriting takes a lot of time

It’s easy to overlook the fact that writing 50 pages at 450 words per page takes a lot of time.

“It’s only 50 pages”

Yes, but each page requires planning, outlining, writing, editing and proofreading. An average web copywriter working 8-hour days would need something in the region of 10 working days to create your 50 pages of web content from scratch.

And that’s only if every single page has already been identified up front.

Copy doesn’t actually have to come before design

I used to believe the opposite was true. That was before I worked in the real world.

Working in a silo, without input from another creative is harmful to good web copywriting.

It is better and more efficient to produce copy at the same time as the design, because just as my writing gives the designer an idea of how to handle the content, so does her design influence the amount and style of my copy.

Working alongside the design and development team means a more efficient website build.

A more efficient build is more affordable.

A more affordable website is better for your budget because you can spend more on promotion. And more promotion means more customers.

All because you contacted that web copywriter on day one.

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Copywriter tools: 3 smart ways to use Google search for writing

March 5th, 2012

by Steve Kellas

For a copywriter, Google search is a wonderful way to conduct initial research while you are getting to know a topic. You can explore top-ranking sites to find out more about the subject, and you can quickly research how your client’s competitors are writing about the industry sector.

But did you also know that there are some really useful commands you can add to the search box on Google that will give you super quick answers to common copywriting tasks?

1) Find the right words

A copywriter might be gifted with the ability to turn a catchy phrase, but we don’t always know the full meaning or usage of a particular word. That’s why we have specialist tools to hand like dictionaries, thesaurus, dictionary of quotations, and style guides.

Helpfully, we can also tap into the power of Google through a special command in the Google search box that will quickly check the definition of a word and link to several online sources to confirm the usage.

Define [yourwordhere] will query Google’s sources for word definitions and return the best fit. Perfect for a quick lookup or when your Oxford tomes are out of reach.

2) Check spelling

This one is so transparent within the user-functions of Google search that you may not have even considered (or noticed) it at work.

Google’s software automatically checks the spelling of a search query and returns what it determines is the correct spelling of the search term with the results.

So, if you’re unsure of the spelling of a word, just searching for what you think is the correct spelling will reveal the answer.

For example, searching for ‘rhithm’ returns results for ‘rhythm’; and this handy note just under the search box points out the spelling difference to you: Did you mean rhythm?

This can get tricky with UK/US spelling differences, but you’re a pro writer so you should already know some of the differences. If you’re not sure, try adding ‘US spelling’ to your search and you should get some guidance from the sites listed.

3) Quick conversions

I’m a self-confessed maths-lazy copywriter. So, I love tools that helps me crunch numbers.

Once I had to ‘translate’ an American copywriting document into UK English. This task included converting square yards into square metres and changing dollar values into Sterling.

Thankfully, I could use the Google conversion command. Just type the quantity you want to convert ‘in’ the quantity you want to convert to.

150 USD in GBP
100 square yards in square metres

This works for money, volume, distance…the possibilities are endless! The results are returned at the top of the listings and are part of Google’s interface, rather than a search result. Excellent!

What are some other features that you use to help with your copywriting?

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Why playing chess is good for a copywriter

March 2nd, 2012

by Steve Kellas

Recently, I have taken short afternoon breaks from my duties as a copywriter to go around to the local school and teach 6 year-old children to play chess in an after-school club. It’s wonderful to see how learning the game has improved their skills in other areas, especially in concentration and strategic thinking.

While watching two players go through an entire game for the first time, without my input, it occurred to me that chess is valuable for anyone to learn, especially copywriters.

Chess?

Yes. Chess. Here’s why.

(Re)learn concentration skills

I don’t know about you, but when I’m on a computer my concentration skills disappear faster than a Viagra email goes to the spam box.

There are so many distractions and so much multi-tasking, that it has become quite difficult for me to concentrate on many things I enjoy doing off the computer, such as reading novels or learning to play a new song on guitar.

Playing chess requires you to fully concentrate and keep your mind on the game. If young children who naturally lack concentration skills can sit down for 30 minutes and play a full game of chess, then it will benefit any copywriter who wants to recapture their ability to focus deeply on an assignment.

Think strategically

I think chess is a lot like copywriting. Before you begin, you know all the facts (the pieces and how they move), you outline the basics of what you need to accomplish (strategy and opening gambit), and you work through the plan to get the conversion your client needs (taking your opponent’s king).

The thing is, in chess, your opponent often sees your strategy and effectively blocks you. This requires you to constantly let go of your previous strategy and to continually create new ones.

The act of facing an opponent and having to develop new strategies ‘on the go’ is a practical skill to have as a copywriter. You constantly face client updates, feedback, changes to the brief and the whimsy of your own creativity. In other words, you must strategically adapt your copywriting as the project unfolds.

Simultaneous activity

Copywriters are sometimes solitary animals. I know several writers who simply cannot write when others are around. Still others must listen to music to drown out the sounds from outside their mind.

It’s easy for copywriters to get stuck in one-track thinking.

Chess is a fabulous remedy for this kind of single-mindedness. It forces you to think about both attack and defence, and you must do so simultaneously.

By forcing your brain to look at ‘the big picture’ you are actively training you brain to do the same with all problems you face, even the copywriting ones.

Chess is a wonderful pastime and a great tool for training the mind. If you’re a copywriter, it will expand your mental abilities to concentrate and multitask. Better still, teach chess to someone who has never played before and watch their minds develop.

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Selling versus hype – a copywriter perspective

February 29th, 2012

In the minds of our customers (and many of our colleagues and clients) ‘selling’ has become synonymous with ‘hype’ and that’s not a great place to be for a marketer or copywriter.

Hype is rampant in the websites and marketing all around the Web. You know the hype words: consistently, superior, cost-effective, best-in-class, easiest, quickest, top, best, number one.

Why customers stopped believing us

Our customers are exposed to hundreds of hyped-up marketing messages every single day. They have been burned more than once by the hype and they feel misled and mistreated by the lofty platitudes of old-school marketers and copywriters.

The result of this is that no one believes what you say on your website or your advertising. They begin their relationship with your business in scepticism and they look for evidence, corroboration and proof at every turn.

Here are a few ways to avoid hype and help your customers to believe what you say.

Substantive facts over subjective ‘ad-words’

Your customers carry on a conversation in their heads with your copywriting. They ask questions and they respond consciously and unconsciously to the statements you make.

  • You won’t find a better offer “Yeah, right…watch me”
  • Blankety-blank company is a top provider of… “Says who?”
  • With years of experience in blankety-blank…“How many exactly?”

Instead of allowing your reader and potential customer to second-guess you, provide them with the facts rather than platitudes.

  • Offered at XX for XX “That sounds like a pretty good offer.”
  • BlankReview Magazine rated us in their Top 3 providers of… “I trust their opinion”
  • In 25 years in blankety-blank, we have patented XX blanketies and solved XX blankety-blanks “Wow, that’s a lot of experience.”

Facts speak for themselves and are believable. As a copywriter, you want your reader to believe what you write, because that leads to trust. And trust leads to sales.

Unique and verifiable over ‘me too’

In a niche market segment where very little variation between competing offers is present (I’m thinking of most software and many service businesses here) you need to tell your prospect what specifically makes your offer different.

If you offer accounting services, for instance, in all likelihood you are just like everyone else in your niche in the eyes of your prospects. You need to speak to your differences to the others rather than your similarities. This isn’t hype, it is differentiation. Just make sure what you say is immediately verifiable for the prospect, or he won’t believe it either.

“Unlike other accountants that wait until year-end to talk about your taxes, we offer a 15-minute phone consultation every month to help keep you on-track.”

The first part of this statement is believable because it is how most prospects will perceive the tax accounting world. But what they want is on-going help. That’s why we point out the relevant offer of on-going consultation by phone. It is what makes this business unique and it is verifiable because they can test it immediately by speaking to you.

Avoiding hype in your sales copy will make a huge difference to how you are perceived and it will give your prospects real reasons to trust what you say and become customers.

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Is your copywriter a lover or a fighter?

February 27th, 2012

by Steve Kellas

The art of selling is the art of conversation. You don’t have to be a student copywriter or an expert in psychology to know the secret of successful selling. In fact, you probably already know that when it comes to conversation, some people punch instead of dance.

“I am a…” opinion is that…”
“I have done that too. In fact, this one time I…”

Yes, that person. They are boring. They only talk about themselves.

When you talk to this person, you feel cheated. Bored. You might even feel a little put out; they didn’t ask you questions, and they turned everything around to be about them.

You already know this is not the way to behave socially.

So why in the ‘age of social’ is your website copy all about you? Why aren’t you wooing your customers and talking about what they need and want?

Stop talking about yourself

Many companies use the “At CompanyName, we…” kind of ad speak that people generally detest. That’s because they are speaking AT their customers instead of speaking WITH them.

They speak like fighters, practically shouting out their out-dated sales message:

“We won’t be undersold!”
“At CompanyName, we…”
“We are best in class…”

The easiest way to overcome the fighter is to stop self-referencing in your copywriting. Instead, you need to behave like the lover: talk about the customer’s problems and ask questions. Show your insights into their lives and then show them that your product or service helps them. Demonstrate that you share their values and their pain, and relate to them as people.

How to fix poor conversational writing skills

Conversational writing skills don’t come easy. You have to work at it. And that means that the copywriter who wants to get better at conversation in his or her writing will need to do more than avoid self-reference. He’ll need to use other techniques to make the sales copy believable and trustworthy.

Roy H. Williams gives great examples of how to do this in one of his Monday Morning Memos from 2008. He says that we should let the customer say what we want them to, rather than saying it ourselves. He also outlines a technique that I use frequently:

“Admit the downside. It makes the upside easier to believe. Imagine the impact of a jeweler saying, ‘A diamond is just a symbol. The important thing is not to forget what it symbolizes.’”

The power of this honesty in admitting the downside helps build a bond with the customer. The jeweller is demonstrating honesty and is confirming for the customer that they share the same values. The jeweller is confirming what the customer already believes in his mind: the reason to buy the diamond is to symbolize your love.

It’s unspoken, but powerful.

That is real insight. That is true consideration for another. The copywriter who writes in this way is building the basis of an intimate relationship.

Prospects today expect to be wooed, not shouted at. Now take a look at your current copywriting and decide for yourself how well it is doing at the art of conversation.

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Every UK copywriter needs to know the CAP Code

February 24th, 2012

“All ads in the UK, wherever they appear, must be legal, decent, honest and truthful in line with the The British Code of Advertising, Sales Promotion and Direct Marketing (The CAP Code).” ~Copyadvice.co.uk

by Steve Kellas

Do you know your CAP Code? Do you know if your copywriter is following the Code?

In the UK, the ASA (Advertising Standards Authority) governs advertising in all forms, including websites. Every copywriter has a responsibility to understand the rules in order to keep his or her clients on the right side of the spirit and the letter of the law. This includes any copywriting in emails, articles, web pages and even Facebook pages that are under the client’s control.

The UK Code of Non-broadcast Advertising, Sales Promotion and Direct Marketing, or CAP Code, is the set of rules that outline what is fair to use in copy and what is not. This Code covers all manner of copywriting that is non-broadcast (i.e. not on television) and it sets out both how and why to word your copy in a certain way.

Remember that the rules are as much a protection for businesses as they are for consumers. On more than one occasion, knowing the rules helped me save a client from a creating a promotion that would have cost them dearly in bad publicity.

Here are a couple of the most guidances you can find in the CAP Code.

You can’t describe something as ‘free’ if the consumer has to pay packaging or handling charges

This comes under the ‘misleading advertising’ section’s rules on using ‘free’ in your marketing communications.

Basically, if the consumer has to pay anything other than the “unavoidable cost of responding and collecting or paying for delivery of the item” then you can’t call it ‘free’ or ‘gratis’ or ‘without charge’.

You can’t win a gift

This often trips up new copywriters and many seasoned marketers. A gift is not a prize, and the distinction needs to be made: “items offered to a significant proportion of consumers in a promotion should be described as gifts, not prizes, or any other term for either word likely to have the same meaning for consumers.”

Further to these rules, if you are running a promotion, you cannot claim in your copywriting that the consumer is ‘luckier’ than they really are. The CAP Code singles out using terms such as “finalist” as an example of what to avoid.

The great thing is, you’re not alone to interpret the Code yourself. The CAP Code website (copyadvice.co.uk) provides the full current edition of the Code, and gives many examples, FAQs and a bespoke copy advice service if your situation is complex.

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